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The psoriasis is a chronic skin disease, not contagious, characterized by the presence of red plates, of varying shape and size (a few millimeters to several centimeters), with clearly defined edges and covered partially or totally dried scales whitish or silver, very brilliant. The plaques, easily removed by scratching, leaving a surface below red, easily bleeding. The extension of the skin can range from localized areas of modest size (elbows, knees, scalp, sometimes even the nails), up to the involvement of the entire body surface.
They can be affected by the disease including the joints, nails and mucous membranes. The clinics are numerous variations.
The evolution is unpredictable and the disease spontaneously undergoes phases of flare, improving and sometimes even persistent remissions. Worsening in autumn, winter is stationary, tends to riacutizzarsi improves in spring and summer (even without exposing to the sun).
The psoriasis affects approximately 2-4% of the population, affects men and women equally, but most frequently occurs in young age. The cause is unknown although it noted some trigger factors often the disease is found in other people's family and this argues in favor of the type caused by genetic.
To better understand the genetic path mechanisms of psoriasis should be briefly describe what is the skin and what are its functions.
The main task of the skin is to protect internal organs from dehydration, infection, injury and the sudden changes in temperature. Moreover, being a sensory organ, warns the painful stimuli, tactile, pressure, heat, cold and so on.
The skin is made up of three layers, arranged one on: superficial (skin), intermediate (dermis) and deep (or skin disorders). Without further dwell on the deeper layers, we on skin attention, the layer affected by this disease.
The epidermis is made up of 4-5 layers that are bottom-up evolution gained the basal layer. In simple terms, cells are born at the base, multiply and migrate towards the surface, where flakes with washing, trauma, the rubbing of tissues or even spontaneously.
Thanks to this cycle of aging, totaling 28 days, the body surface undergoes a continuous renewal. In the elderly, the cycle is much slower. In contrast, in psoriasis is much faster, completed in 4-5 days instead of 28. In other words there is a significant increase in production of new skin cells compared all unchanged elimination of the old ones.